Karlsruhe, Germany

Karlsruhe sits on the Rhine plain in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, with roughly 310,000 residents. Margrave Charles III William founded the city in 1715 as a fan-shaped layout of 32 streets radiating from the palace, a 1844 pyramid-shaped building that now holds the Badisches Landesmuseum. The 1825 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology trained Carl Benz and Heinrich Hertz, who sent the first radio waves here in 1886. The 1810 Botanical Garden ranks among Germany's oldest, and the city hosts both the Federal Constitutional Court and the Federal Court of Justice, the only German city with two federal supreme courts.